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MEDICALCONDITIONS
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Blood clots
Blood clots are the clumps that develop when blood coagulates. Blood clots play an important role in the body's natural response to bleeding. The formation of blood clots is often the result of an undesirable abnormality of hemostasis (body's ability to control bleeding). Blood clots can clog major blood vessels and can greatly increase a person's risk of suffering serious and life-threatening complications. Blood clots in the brain can lead to stroke, those in the heart can lead to heart attacks, those in the deep veins can travel to the lungs, and blood clots can also to damage to other organs like the kidney.
Blood clots that form in the deep veins of the leg, pelvic area, or other area are known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Deep vein thrombosis blood clots can break off and travel through the blood stream to the lungs, a condition called pulmonary embolism, which can lead to serious injury and even death. Blood clots that develop in the deep veins affect approximately one in 1,000 Americans each year.
There are a number of factors that can increase a person's risk of developing blood clots. Age, obesity, major injury, surgery, and pregnancy can all increase the risk of developing blood clots. Periods of prolonged inactivity due to bed rest, travel, or the like, may also increase one's risk of developing blood clots. People who have had a blood clot before are at an increased risk of developing subsequent blood clots.
Certain medications can also increase a person's risk of developing blood clots. Some cancer medications like asparaginase can increase one's risks. Some recent studies have indicated that antipsychotic medications can increase a patient's risk of developing blood clots seven-fold. Drugs that contain the hormone estrogen have long been known to increase a woman's risk of developing a blood clot. The risk of developing blood clots caused by oral contraceptives is so low- approximately one in 10,000- that the FDA has determined that birth control pills are safe for use.
Recent studies have suggested that the birth control pill, Ortho Evra, approved by the FDA in 2001, may triple a woman's risk of developing blood clots and life threatening complications like deep vein thrombosis. The exact relationship between the contraceptive patch and blood clots is currently being investigated.
Symptoms of blood clots will depend on the type of clot and its location. The symptoms of DVT, for example, can include leg swelling, pain, warmth, and redness. Symptoms of other blood clots correlate with the affected area of the body. In diagnose blood clots a doctor will take the patient's full medical history and perform a physical examination. Blood tests, ultrasound, x-rays, and other tests can be used to diagnose blood clots.
Anti-coagulants, like heparin and warfarin, are often used to prevent complications and manage blood clots. In some cases thrombolytics are prescribed to dissolve the blood clot. Compression garments, elevation, and other treatments can also be used to treat blood clots.
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