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Diabetes

Diabetes is a disease where the body does not make or properly use insulin. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is responsible for controlling blood-sugar levels and plays an integral role in converting the sugars, starches, and other foods we eat into energy. About 18.2 million Americans are living with diabetes today, nearly one-third of which are unaware they have diabetes. Gestational diabetes affects about four percent of all pregnant women. Pre-diabetes affects 41 million people in the United States.

Approximately five to ten percent of those with diabetes have Type I diabetes, a condition in which nearly 90 percent of the pancreatic cells responsible for producing insulin are permanently destroyed. This condition used to be called juvenile-onset diabetes because most of these patients develop diabetes before the age of 30. The majority of people with diabetes have Type II diabetes, also called diabetes mellitus, whereby the body fails to properly use insulin.

The cause of diabetes is often unknown. People with a family history of diabetes appear to be at an increased risk of developing this condition. Overweight individuals and those who do not exercise enough may also be at an increased risk of developing diabetes. Diabetes is not caused by eating too much sugar, though this behavior can lead to weight gain which may increase one's risk.

Some studies have found that certain drugs may cause diabetes. Antipsychotics, such as Zyprexa, have been found to drastically increase one's risk of developing diabetes. Other drugs such as over-the counter antihistamines and decongestants may worsen a patient's existing diabetes condition and cause dangerous side effects. Drugs that are prescribed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, may also lead to serious complications like pulmonary edema and heart failure. If you are taking medications and are concerned about diabetes, you may wish to discuss your questions and concerns with your health care professional.

Symptoms of diabetes can include frequent urination, increased thirst, weight loss, excessive hunger, drowsiness, nausea, blurred vision, and decreased endurance with physical activities. People with type I diabetes often develop sudden and noticeable symptoms, particularly if they develop ketoacidosis, a condition which causes the general symptoms of diabetes, deep and rapid breathing, and the smell of ketones (like nail polish remover) on the breath. Without treatment this condition can lead to coma and death.

Diabetes is diagnosed through blood tests which can indicate high levels of sugar in the blood. There are also oral glucose tolerance tests and other procedures which can help a doctor diagnose diabetes. Treatment of diabetes can include changes in diet and lifestyle, education, medication, and frequent medical check ups. Complications of diabetes can include atherosclerosis, heart failure, stoke, poor vision, renal failure, nerve damage, skin breakdown, and other serious conditions.

 

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