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Hepatitis
There are a number of different types of hepatitis, all of which affect the liver. The hepatitis viruses A, B, and C are the most common types of hepatitis that people can get. Each type of hepatitis has a unique set of causes, symptoms, preventions, and treatments. The third and fourth types of hepatitis are less common. Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires the presence of the hepatitis B virus in order to exist. Hepatitis E is similar to hepatitis A though it is extremely rare in the United States. The following is some general information about hepatitis A, B, and C.
Hepatitis A is a virus (HAV) which causes liver disease. Hepatitis A is fecal-orally transmitted meaning a person can get hepatitis A by putting something in their mouth that is contaminated with the stool of a person with hepatitis A. The transmission of hepatitis A is most common between sex partners and housemates, and is not often transmitted through casual contact with others. Good sanitation and proper hygiene are the best ways to prevent hepatitis A.
After 12 months of age, individuals can receive a long term vaccination against hepatitis A. Immune globulin is an antibody treatment that provides short term treatment. It is most effective when taken two weeks after exposure to a contaminated source. Many people who are infected with hepatitis A do not show any symptoms of the condition. Older persons are more likely to show symptoms than younger children. When symptoms are presented, hepatitis A can cause sudden fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, stomach pain, dark urine, and jaundice. These symptoms can last anywhere from two to six months. Hepatitis A is diagnosed with a blood test. Once a person has hepatitis A once, they cannot get it or transmit it to others again.
Hepatitis B attacks the liver and can cause lifelong infection, scarring of the liver (cirrhosis), liver cancer, liver failure, and even death. One in 20 Americans will be infected with hepatitis B at some point in their lives. The hepatitis B virus is spread through contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person (i.e. sex, sharing needles, and workplace exposure to human blood). Approximately four weeks after exposure to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), a blood test can be performed to diagnose a patient. Symptoms of hepatitis B will typically show up in about 70 percent of all cases, about four weeks after exposure to HBV. Symptoms, when present, can include: clay colored bowel movements, jaundice, fatigue, loss of appetite, stomach pain, and the like. There is no cure for hepatitis B, though a vaccination is available to prevent this condition. Those who have hepatitis B can benefit from antiviral medications.
Hepatitis C is liver disease which is transmitted through contact with an infected person's blood. There is no vaccine which has been developed to prevent Hepatitis C. A number of blood tests can be performed to diagnose hepatitis C, though both false-negatives and false-positives may occur with these tests. Once a person has been diagnosed with Hepatitis C, the next step is to test the ALT level of their liver to determine the viral effects on the liver. Hepatitis C is chronic.
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