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MEDICALCONDITIONS
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Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial infarction, the medical name for a heart attack, is a medical emergency in which some of the blood supply to the heart is suddenly slowed or stopped, resulting in partial death of the cardiac muscle due to lack of oxygen. More than one million people in the United States suffer a heart attack each year. Men comprise two-thirds of the population that suffers from myocardial infarction each year.
Most cases of myocardial infarction are caused by a blockage in a coronary artery that prevents blood and oxygen from reaching the heart muscle. A blood clot is one of the most common causes of coronary artery obstruction. Most people who suffer myocardial infarction have coronary artery disease, whether or not their condition has been diagnosed. Usually the coronary artery is already narrowed by atherosclerotic plaque (buildup) on its walls. A less common cause of myocardial infarction is a blood clot that develops in the heart itself, breaks off, and travels to the coronary artery. A sudden spasm of the coronary artery is another less common cause of myocardial infarction. Drug- reduced heart attacks are often caused by sudden artery spasm.
There are a number of factors that increase a person's risk of suffering myocardial infarction. Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high fat diet, and diabetes are all risk factors for a heart attack. Men, people with a family history of myocardial infarction, and older individuals are also more likely to suffer myocardial infarction.
There has been a lot of concern over the risk of myocardial infarction posed by popular prescription pain killers. Top selling COX-2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Vioxx, Bextra, and Celebrex, have all been used by millions for arthritis and other chronic pain relief. All three drugs can significantly increase a person's risk of heart attack or stroke. Vioxx and Bextra have been pulled off the market due to these and other serious risks, while Celebrex remains on the market.
In two-thirds of all cases, a person will experience chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue in the days and hours before myocardial infarction. Women, non-Caucasians, those over 75, and people with previous stroke or diabetes may not experience these warning symptoms. The symptoms of myocardial infarction can also include feeling faint, heavy sweating, pounding of the heart, pressure on the chest, anxiety, cough, nausea, and vomiting.
In 20 to 30 percent of all heart attacks, the person dies before they are able to seek medical treatment. When patient seeks medical attention before myocardial infarction, there are ways that a doctor can diagnose this condition or determine the risk. When a person suffers a heart attack they must be hospitalized, as complications in the hours following myocardial infarction are often fatal. Medication, oxygen, fluids, and other treatments can be administered and the patient is closely monitored until their condition is stable. There are also a number of treatments available to prevent an individual from suffering a subsequent myocardial infarction.
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