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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a psychiatric disorder that can occur in those who have witnessed or experienced a life-threatening or traumatic event. Violent assaults, rape, serious accidents, terrorist incidents, natural disasters, and other traumatic events, whether witnessed or experienced, can cause post-traumatic stress disorder. An estimated 5.3 million Americans currently suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder.
For many years, post-traumatic stress disorder was thought only to afflict veterans of war. As the disorder has been studied in greater detail, experts have discovered that it occurs in civilian men and women also. Studies also find that women experience post-traumatic stress disorder more often than men. Post-traumatic stress disorder affects as many eight percent of all people at some point in their lifetime. Not everyone who witnesses a traumatic event will experience this condition.
Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder usually appear within the first three months following a traumatic event, though sometimes they do not appear until later. Intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal are the three major symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Intrusion causes people with post-traumatic stress disorder to experience "flashbacks" or memories of the traumatic event. These recollections can be vivid, intense, and accompanied by very upsetting and painful emotions. In some cases these memories are so intense the person feels as if they are re-living the experience.
Avoidance symptoms affect the person's relationships with others. Numbness, diminished emotions, grief, anger, fear, and other emotional difficulties may cause a person with post-traumatic stress disorder to distance themselves from kin. Hyper-arousal can cause people with post-traumatic stress disorder to feel as if they are constantly threatened by the event that caused their condition. Hyper-vigilance, a state of increased arousal and anxiety-produced sensitivity, is also characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Post-traumatic stress disorder may be experienced in addition to other psychiatric conditions such as depression, substance abuse, memory problems, and other similar conditions. A person suffering from untreated post-traumatic stress disorder may show poor control over urges and impulses and may be at increased risk for suicide. Fortunately, there are some treatments available to help people with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) teaches people post-traumatic stress disorder relaxation techniques and focuses on correcting painful patterns of thought and behavior. Exposure therapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy, family, and group therapy are also helpful in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Some medications, such as anti-depressants, may help control some of the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Keep in mind that these medications each carry the risk of causing adverse side effects, including the very same symptoms they are intended to treat. If you are prescribed medication for post-traumatic stress disorder, you may wish to discuss the risks and benefits with your physician.
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