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Psychosis is a psychiatric condition characterized by a loss of touch with reality. Delusions and hallucinations are common manifestations of psychosis. Delusions are false ideas or beliefs, or gross misinterpretations of events. Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions, causing one to hear, see, feel, smell, or taste something that is not real. Psychosis can occur with certain medical conditions, other psychiatric conditions, and as a result of taking certain substances.
The symptoms of psychosis, such as delusions and hallucinations, can significantly affect a person's ability to function normally. One who experiences delusions may believe people want to hurt them, others can read their mind, book and music references are about them, or that they are someone else. Hallucinations may cause a person to hear voices or see people and objects that are not there. In addition to these primary symptoms of psychosis, there are other common symptoms such as disorganized thought and speech, confusion, extreme excitement or abnormal emotion, and depression.
Some medical conditions may cause psychosis in a patient. Dementia conditions, such as Alzheimer's and degenerative brain disorders, can cause a person to develop psychosis. Epilepsy, brain tumor, kidney failure, thyroid disease, and stroke can also cause psychosis. Syphilis can also cause psychosis. There are also a number of psychiatric conditions that can cause or correlate with psychosis. Bipolar disorder, a mood condition characterized by drastic swings from mania to depression, and psychotic depression can cause psychosis. Schizophrenia, and similar disorders, can also cause a person to have psychosis.
A number of recreational drugs are often sought for their psychosis inducing properties. Marijuana, LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, heroine, and cocaine can all cause a state of psychosis while active in the body. There are numerous prescription medications that can cause psychosis with use, abuse, and withdrawal. Amphetamines, anabolic steroids, ACE inhibitors, antidepressants, antiepileptics, barbiturates, beta-blockers, estrogens, antihistamines, MAO inhibitors, NSAIDs, opioids, statins, and SSRIs are just some of the prescription medications that can cause psychosis.
A diagnosis of psychosis is made by a qualified physician who conducts a full physical examination and thoroughly evaluates a patient's medical history. It is helpful for a patient to mention all current and recent drug use, as well as their full medical history, so that an accurate diagnosis can be made. A doctor can also perform a number of diagnostic tests, such as MRI of the brain, drug screens, tests for syphilis, and other procedures can be used to diagnosis psychosis.
Treatment for psychosis often depends on its cause. Anti-psychotic drugs may be appropriate for some individuals, though these drugs do carry some risk of significant side effects. Because psychosis causes a person to lose touch with reality, it can be important to seek medical attention, as there is a possibility of self-harm or harm to others.
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